Publications | 2014 - 2016 Research Publications (2014 - 2016) 2015 Patterson, R.T., Swindles, G.T. 2015. Influence of ocean-atmospheric oscillations on lake ice phenology in eastern North America. Climate Dynamics 45: 2293-2308.DOI: 10.1007/s00382-014-2415-y
Nasser, N.A., Patterson, R.T., Roe, H.M., Galloway, J.M., Falck, H., Palmer, M.J., Spence, C., Sanei, H., Macumber, A.L., Neville, L.A. 2015. Lacustrine arcellina (testate amoebae) as bioindicators of arsenic contamination. Microbial ecology.
Gammon, P., Neville, L.A., Patterson, R.T., Savard, M.M., Swindles, G.T. 2015. A log-normal spectral analysis of inorganic grain size distributions from a Canadian boreal lake core: towards refining depositional process proxy data from high latitude lakes. Sedimentology
Patterson, R.T., Swindles, G.T. 2015. Erratum to: Influence of ocean-atmospheric oscillations on lake ice phenology in eastern North America. Climate Dynamics 45: 2963. DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2839-z Patterson, R.T., Huckerby, G., Kelly, T.J., Swindles, G.T., Nasser, N.A. 2015. Hydroecology of Amazonian lacustrine Arcellinida (testate amoebae): A case study from Lake Quistococha, Peru. European Journal of Protistology. 51: 460-469. DOI: 10.1016/j/ejop.2015.06.009 Galloway, J.M., Palmer, M.J., Jamieson, H.E., Patterson, R.T., Nasser, N.A., Falck, H., Macumber, A.L., Goldsmith, S.A., Sanei, H., Roe, H.M., Neville, L.A., Lemay, D. Geochemistry of lakes across ecozones in the Northwest Territories and implications for the distribution of arsenic in the Yellowknife region. Part 1: Sediments. Geological Survey of Canada Open file XXX
Palmer, M.J., Galloway, J., Jamieson, H.E., Patterson, R.T., Falck, H., and Kokelj, S.V. 2015. The concentration of arsenic in lake waters of the Yellowknife area 15 years after the end of ore processing operations in the region. NWT Open File 2015-XX, NWT Geoscience Office, Yellowknife.
Nasser, N.A., Patterson, R.T. 2015. Conicocassis, a new genus of Arcellinida (Testate Lobose Amoebae). Palaeontologia Electronica. 18.3.46A: 1-11 Crann, C.A., Patterson, R.T., Macumber, A.L., Galloway, J.M., Roe, H.M., Blaauw, M., Swindles, G.T., Falck, H. 2015. Sediment accumulation rates in subarctic lakes: insights into age-depth modeling from 22 dated lake records from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Quaternary Geochronology. 27: 131-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.001 Kaminski, M.A., Babalola, L.O., Patterson, R.T., Vázquez-Riveiros, N. 2014. The wall structure of the agglutinated foraminifer Eggerella advena: its reassignment to the genus Eggerelloides, and description of Eggerelloides belizensis n.sp. Journal of Micropalaeontology.
2014 Patterson, R.T. 2014. In Memoriam. Dr. Franco Medioli April 1, 1935 - January 31, 2014. Palaeontologia Electronica. 17.2.4E. 4 p. Patterson, R.T. 2014. Mediolus, a new genus of Arcellacea (Testate Lobose Amoebae). Palaeontologia Electronica. 17.1.28A. 8 p. Roe, H.M., Patterson, R.T. 2014. Arcellacea (testate amoebae) as bio-indicators of road salt contamination in lakes. Microbial Ecology. 68:299-313. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0408-3 Upiter, LM., Vermaire, J.C., Patterson, R.T., Crann, C., Galloway, J.M., Macumber, A.L., Neville, L.A., Swindles, G.T., Falck, H., Roe, H.M., Pisaric, M.F.J. 2014. Middle to late Holocene chironomid-inferred July temperatures for the central Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology. 52:11-26. DOI 10.1007/s10933-014-9775-5 Macumber, A.L.,, Patterson, R.T., Roe, H.M., Neville, L.A. Swindles, G.T. 2014. Autoecological approaches to resolve subjective taxonomic divisions within Arcellacea. Protist. 165: 305-316. DOI:10.1016/j.protis.2014.03.004 Neville, L.A., Patterson, R.T., Gammon, P., Macumber, A.L. 2014. Relationship between ecological indicators (Arcellacea), total mercury concentrations and grain size in lakes within the Athabaska Oil Sands region, Alberta. Environmental Earth Sciences 72:577-588. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-013-2979-6. 2015 Abstracts A log-normal spectral analysis of inorganic grain size distributions from a Canadian boreal lake core: towards refining depositional process proxy data from high latitude lakes. Sedimentology
A high-resolution inorganic grain size dataset (701 samples) has been measured from a freeze core extracted from “ALE”, a boreal lake in northeastern Alberta, Canada. The grain size spectra are remarkably consistent throughout the core, exhibiting a structure comprising 6 (D1-D6) persistent grain size distributions (in a range from <1 to ~250 mm) plus a seventh (D7) medium sand distribution present in only 5 samples. Automated grain size spectral parametric peak-fitting was unsuccessful due to inconsistent solutions to highly similar spectra, and the migration of unambiguous modes to unrepresentative values. Constraining the modes of two of the distributions (D2, D5) produced parametric model fits that were statistically excellent (r2 > 0.999), consistent across samples with similar spectra, and consistent with the spectral structure exhibited across the whole dataset. Statistical analysis of the “constrained” solutions indicates that these models successfully extracted independent grain size populations. The multimodal ALE grain size spectra generate traditional grain size measures (e.g. mean grain size) that are composites of multiple grain size populations, implying their stratigraphic variation includes random errors due to variable contributions from different grain size populations. ALE is situated in a boreal wetland environment where inorganic sediment delivery is overwhelmingly dominated by surface overland flow transport during spring melt. The small size of ALE makes internal grain redistribution mechanisms inconsequential. The ALE grain size spectra is thus interpreted to reflect: 1) a bedload fraction (D4-D6 populations) transported during short-duration high discharge events during spring melt (i.e. relating to the intensity of the melt); and 2) a finer suspended load fraction (D1-D3 populations) representing suspended load material whose magnitude is controlled by the background spring-melt discharge (i.e. the volume of the spring melt). Stratigraphically both bedload and suspended load populations demonstrate short- and long-period, high and low amplitude oscillations, suggesting spring melt dynamics are themselves subject to external forcing factors that are cyclic at varying periodicities. The link established between the grain size spectra and spring melt dynamics has significant potential for generating long-term proxy records that better capture both the external forcing factors over spring melt in boreal systems, and the potential risks associated with spring melt hydrologic dynamics. 2015 Abstracts Lacustrine arcellina (testate amoebae) as bioindicators of arsenic contamination. Microbial ecology.
Arcellaceans (testate amoebae) were examined from 61 surface sediment samples collected from 59 lakes in the vicinity of former gold mines, notably the Giant Mine, near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada to determine their utility as sensitive bio-indicators of arsenic (As), a byproduct of gold extraction at mines in the area as well as occurring naturally from ore bearing outcrops. Cluster analysis (Q-R-mod) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) reveal five arcellacean assemblages that are related to varying As concentrations in the sediment samples. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that 14 statistically significant environmental parameters explained 57% of the variation in faunal distribution, while Partial RDA indicated that As had the greatest influence on assemblage variance (10.7%; p<0.10). Stress-indicating species (primarily centropyxids) characterized the faunas of samples with high As concentrations (median= 274.7 ppm, max > 10000 ppm, min=16.1 ppm, n=30), while difflugids-dominated assemblages were prevalent in substrates with relatively low As concentrations (median=30.8 ppm, max=905.2 ppm, min=6.3 ppm, n=23). Most of the lakes with very high As levels are located downwind (N and W) of the former Giant Mine roaster stack where refractory ore was roasted and substantial quantities of As were released (as As2O3) to the atmosphere in the first decade of mining. This spatial pattern suggests that a significant proportion of the observed As, in at least these lakes, are industrially derived. The results of this study highlight the sensitivity of arcellaceans to As and confirm that the group has considerable potential for assessing the impact of As contamination on lakes. Geochemistry of lakes across ecozones in the Northwest Territories and implications for the distribution of arsenic in the Yellowknife region. Part 1: Sediments.
We obtained near total element geochemistry on 211 near-surface sediment samples from lakes in the central Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, with a focus near the City of Yellowknife and Western Interior Platform to document regional concentrations of As and other elements in lake sediments. Concentrations of major and trace elements, including elements of potential human and ecological concern (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn), were extracted from sediments using a modified aqua regia digestion. Concentrations of As exceed Canadian federal guidelines for the protection of aquatic life in most of the lakes sampled in the Slave Geological Province. Seventy one percent (n=149) of all sediment samples contain As concentrations higher than the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Interim Freshwater Sediment Quality Guideline of 5.9 mg/kg and 54% (n=114) of the samples contain As concentrations that exceed the CCME Probable Effect Level of 17 mg/kg. Sediments with the highest As concentrations are from lakes near the City of Yellowknife and likely reflect a combination of contamination associated with past industrial activity and geogenic input from mineralized bedrock and derived surficial materials. Other elements (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) are below sediment quality guidelines in the majority of lakes sampled. Literature review and comparison of sediment As concentrations in lakes in the Yellowknife area to regional data collected suggest that background As concentrations in lake sediments of the Yellowknife area are in the 20s of mg/kg, ranging between 10 and 105 (n=10) mg/kg ppm, consistent with As concentrations in lake sediments from elsewhere in the central Northwest Territories (Ingraham Trail median As concentration 10.6 mg/kg, range 1.9-101.6, n=27), Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (7.9 mg/kg, 0.3-101.4, n=52), and west of Yellowknife to Hay River in the Western Interior Platform (1.1 mg/kg, 0.1-7.1, n=37). This is in contrast to surficial lake sediments that are likely impacted by anthropogenic activities in the Yellowknife region that contain As concentrations 107.9 mg/kg (range 6.30->10,000+). The concentration of arsenic in lake waters of the Yellowknife area 15 years after the end of ore processing operations in the region.
Ninety-eight lakes were sampled over two field seasons to investigate the elemental concentrations of lake waters within a 30 km radius of Yellowknife. Elevated concentrations of As, Sb, and SO4 were identified within 17.5 km of the historic roaster stacks at Giant Mine. Arsenic concentrations were highest in small lakes downwind and proximal to the historic stacks, suggesting a gradient in impact from historic roaster operations at Giant Mine consistent with predominant wind direction. Concentrations of arsenic exceeded federal guidelines for many of the lakes sampled within 12 km of the roaster stacks, and in some lakes were more than 60 times the federal drinking water guideline of 10 µg/L. This study provides an extensive survey of elemental concentrations in local lakes and should be supported by future work to investigate the specific drivers of variation in arsenic concentration in local lakes, interannual variability in water chemistry and the long-term fate of arsenic and other elements of concern in these lakes.
Erratum to: Influence of ocean-atmospheric oscillations on lake ice phenology in eastern North America.
In the original publication, the first author’s first and last names were reversed. The correct name should be R. Timothy Patterson. The original article has been updated accordingly.
Conicocassis, a new genus of Arcellinida (Testate Lobose Amoebae).
Arcellinida (also informally known as thecamoebians or testate lobose amoebae) are a group of shelled benthic protists common in most Quaternary lacustrine sediments. They are found worldwide from the equator to poles and live in a variety of fresh to brackish aquatic and terrestrial habitats. More than 130 arcellacean species and strains are ascribed to the genus Centropyxis, within the family Centropyxidae, which includes species that are distinguished by having a flattened, beret-like test (shell). Conicocassis, a new arcellacean genus of Centropyxidae differs from other genera of the family by having a unique test comprised of two distinct components; an ovoid to spherical main test body, topped by a conical, funnel-like asymmetrically placed flange extending from around a small circular aperture. The genus is mainly found in very wet mosses and aquatic environments in High Arctic regions of Europe and North America, and has also been identified in samples from peatlands in Germany, the Netherlands and Austria. This paper extends the known geographic distribution of the genus in North America southward to include lacustrine environments in the Central Northwest Territories of Canada. Hydroecology of Amazonian lacustrine Arcellinida (testate amoebae): A case study from Lake Quistococha, Peru.
Organic rich sediments were obtained from seven core tops taken in Lake Quistococha, near the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon. Subsamples from 0 to 4 cm depth in each core were analyzed under dissecting light microscopy to carry out the first investigation of Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) from a lacustrine environment in this ecologically important region. The fauna was characterized by a low diversity, low abundance community dominated by centropyxids. This fauna is similar to ‘stressed’ assemblages reported from temperate latitudes, except that test concentrations were two orders of magnitude lower than typical in temperate lakes. Principle arcellinidan stressors in Lake Quistococha likely include the low pH 4 conditions in the lake, and a general lack of suitable minerogenic material to construct tests in the organic rich lake substrate . The low pH conditions are the result of runoff and seepage of water high in dissolved organic carbon from the adjacent similarly low pH 4 terrestrial peatland. The dearth of minerogenic material is the result of the lake being isolated from riverine input for the past ∼2000 years, even during flooding events. Other limiting factors contributing to depressed arcellinidan populations may include nutrient supply, predation pressure, competition, and post-mortem taphonomic factors. Sediment accumulation rates in subarctic lakes: insights into age-depth modeling from 22 dated lake records from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Quaternary Geochronology.
Age-depth modeling using Bayesian statistics requires well-informed prior information about the behavior of sediment accumulation. Here we present average sediment accumulation rates (represented as deposition times, DT, in yr/cm) for lakes in an Arctic setting, and we examine the variability across space (intra- and inter-lake) and time (late Holocene). The dataset includes over 100 radiocarbon dates, primarily on bulk sediment, from 22 sediment cores obtained from 18 lakes spanning the boreal to tundra ecotone gradients in subarctic Canada. There are four to twenty-five radiocarbon dates per core, depending on the length and character of the sediment records. Deposition times were calculated at 100-year intervals from age-depth models constructed using the ‘classical’ age-depth modeling software Clam. Lakes in boreal settings have the most rapid accumulation (mean DT 20 ± 10 years), whereas lakes in tundra settings accumulate at moderate (mean DT 70 ± 10 years) to very slow rates, (>100 yr/cm). Many of the age-depth models demonstrate fluctuations in accumulation that coincide with lake evolution and post-glacial climate change. Ten of our sediment cores yielded sediments as old as c. 9,000 cal BP (BP = years before AD 1950). From between c. 9,000 cal BP and c. 6,000 cal BP, sediment accumulation was relatively rapid (DT of 20 to 60 yr/cm). Accumulation slowed between c. 5,500 and c. 4,000 cal BP as vegetation expanded northward in response to warming. A short period of rapid accumulation occurred near 1,200 cal BP at three lakes. Our research will help inform in Bayesian age modeling. Influence of ocean-atmospheric oscillations on lake ice phenology in eastern North America.
Our results reveal long-term trends in ice out dates (1836-2013) for twelve lakes in Maine, New Brunswick and New Hampshire, in eastern North America. The results are remarkably coherent between lakes (rs = 0.462-0.933, p<0.01). and correlate closely with the March-April (MA) instrumental temperature records from the region (rs = 0.488-0.816, p<0.01). This correlation permits use of ice out dates as a proxy to extend the shorter MA instrumental record (1876-2013). Mean ice out dates trended progressively earlier during the recovery from the Little Ice Age through to the 1940s, and gradually became later again through to the late 1970s, which were similar to ice out dates that prevailed during the late 19th century. Ice out dates subsequently began to trended progressively earlier once more with the early 21st century being characterized by the earliest ice out dates on record. Spectral and wavelet time series analysis indicate that ice out is influenced by several teleconnections; the Quasi-biennial Oscillation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), as well as a significant correlation between inland lake records and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The relative influence of these teleconnections is variable with notable shifts occurring after ~1870, ~1925, and ~1980-2000. The intermittent expression of these cycles in the ice out and MA instrumental record is not only influenced by absolute changes in the intensity of the various teleconnections and other climate drivers, but through phase interference between teleconnections, which periodically damps the various signals. Erratum to: Influence of ocean-atmospheric oscillations on lake ice phenology in eastern North America.
In the original publication, the first author’s first and last names were reversed. The correct name should be R. Timothy Patterson. The original article has been updated accordingly. The wall structure of the agglutinated foraminifer Eggerella advena: its reassignment to the genus Eggerelloides, anddescription of Eggerelloides belizensis n.sp. Journal of Micropalaeontology.
The foraminiferal species Eggerella advena Cushman, 1922 possesses a noncalcareous imperforate agglutinated wall cemented by organic matter in the form of strands. This wall structure differs markedly from that of the type species of Eggerella, which has a calcareous-cemented wall transversed by simple straight and dichotomously branched pseudopores. We here confirm the transfer of Eggerella advena to the genus Eggerelloides. The new species Eggerelloides belizensis n.sp., from the Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex, British Columbia is described herein.
2014 Abstracts
In Memoriam. Dr. Franco Medioli April 1, 1935 - January 31, 2014. Palaeontologia Electronica. 17.2.4E. 4 p..
Professor Franco Medioli passed away peacefully on January 31, 2014, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, at the age of 78. The Cushman Foundation had only three months earlier honored him with the Joseph A. Cushman Award for Excellence in Foraminiferal Research at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado. Due to poor health, he was unable to accept the award in person. This lifetime achievement award recognized his research on the paleoecological significance of marginal-marine foraminifera as a critical tool in reconstructing Holocene sea-level, as well as his contributions to resolving taxonomic issues within the freshwater thecamoebians (testate amoebae). Mediolus, a new genus of Arcellacea (Testate Lobose Amoebae).
Mediolus, a new arcellacean genus of the Difflugidae (informally known as thecamoebia, testate rhizopods, or testate lobose amoebae) differs from other genera of the family in having distinctive tooth-like inward oriented apertural crenulations and tests generally characterized by a variable number of hollow basal spines. Relationship between ecological indicators (Arcellacea), total mercury concentrations and grain size in lakes within the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta.
Keywords: Athabasca Oil sands, Mercury Contamination, Arcellacea Testate lobose amoebae, Grain size Arcellacea (testate amoebae) as bio-indicators of road salt contamination in lakes. Microbial Ecology.
Autoecological approaches to resolve subjective taxonomic divisions within Arcellacea.
Key words: Arcellacea; ecophenotype; multivariate analysis; strain; testate amoebae; thecamoebian. Middle to late Holocene chironomid-inferred July temperatures for the central Northwest Territories, Canada.
Key words: Chironomids - Middle to late Holocene - Paleoclimate - Northwest Territories - Particle size analysis – Loss on-ignition.
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Copyright T. Patterson 1996-2015
Carleton University
Updated:
February 4, 2015